February 23, 2008 Semicolons

Perhaps because they’re aware that I’ve had occasion to consider punctuation, some readers contacted me about the February 18 New York Times article about use of a semicolon in a New York City Transit subway placard.
Here’s the one thought that came to mind: In contracts, I use semicolons between integrated enumerated clauses when they’re preceded […]

January 15, 2008 Contractions? In a Contract?

One sure route to a stiff, starchy prose style is not to use contractions. They’re suitable in all but the most formal kinds of writing, and they help you achieve a more natural, conversational rhythm.
For some reason that I’ve since repressed, I didn’t use contractions in MSCD. So for the second edition, I’m now adding […]

October 14, 2007 “Half” or “50%”?

Last week, 260 contracts filed on the SEC’s EDGAR system include one or more references to 50%. By contrast, only 85 used the word half, and mostly in contexts where one couldn’t have used 50%, as in references to “half-time basis” and “seven and one-half percent.”
I prefer half over 50%. Saying “50% of the shares” […]

September 10, 2007 “Basis” (Including “Timely”)

Here’s another weapon in the never-ending war on verbiage in contracts—be careful how you use the word basis. As Bryan Garner says in Garner’s Modern American Usage, “The word basis often signals verbosity in adverbial constructions.”
So instead of on a daily basis, try daily, as in “Interest will accrue on a daily basis [read daily].” […]

September 4, 2007 Where to Put the Conditional Clause

Dick Wydick’s materials for our panel discussion at the ABA annual meeting included the following provision from the merger agreement for a transaction valued at more than $2 billion. (Like Dick, I’ve eliminated any identifying information.) As you read through it—I recommend a side order of Valium—ask yourself why Dick found it of interest.
In the […]

June 6, 2007 “Competitive”

The word competitive is routinely misused in contracts. That comes as no surprise, given that it’s routinely misused in legal and business writing generally.
Competitive means (1) of, involving, or based on competition and (2) likely to succeed in competition.
In the following contract provision, competitive is used to express the first meaning:
Executive acknowledges the highly competitive […]

May 14, 2007 Avoiding Arguments Over Whether Singular Also Means Plural

Today’s case from the drafting hall of shame is a case recently decided by the Nebraska Supreme Court, Coral Production Corp. v. Central Resources, Inc., 273 Neb. 379 (Neb. 2007).
This case arose out of a dispute between owners of fractional working interests in oil and gas assets. When Central put its oil and gas assets […]

September 24, 2006 Officer Titles

MSCD contains a section on overuse of initial capitals (13.28–34). Here’s what I say in MSCD 13.30 regarding titles:
Drafters invariably use initial capitals when referring to officer titles (The certificate must be signed by the President of Acme), but authorities on general English usage recommend that one only do so when the title is followed […]