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Punctuated Equilibrium and Contract Drafting? Wha?

You’ve heard of “punctuated equilibrium,” right? That’s the notion that the evolution of species consists of relative stability for long periods interspersed with much shorter periods during which many species become extinct and new species emerge. (Go to Wikipedia for more.) Well, bear with me. I first paid attention to severability language in this 2011 post. I revisited the subject … Read More

OK, Let’s Try That Again: Revisiting My Severability Provision

[Updated 3 February 2017] On 30 January I rolled out in this post a new version of the introductory part of my severability language. That prompted me to look at the rest of it, and I realized that it didn’t work. For example, “then that provision will be modified”? Passive voice? Who’s the actor? And what category of contract language … Read More

The Machines Won’t Fix Your Contract Language

Today seems to be a day for being reminded of basic notions. Yesterday’s Dilbert strip (here) and today’s (here) are on the topic of robots coming up with contract language. You won’t be shocked to hear that the Dilbert view of this isn’t favorable. Well, neither is mine. In this 2011 post I explain that when it comes to compiling clear … Read More

Reminder: Don’t Rely on Dictionaries

Here’s my favorite law-conference anecdote: I’m on a panel. The topic of represents and warrants comes up, as it tends to. Another panel member is unimpressed by what I have to say. As his way of resolving the matter, he asks imperiously that a copy of Black’s Law Dictionary be brought to him, and he proceeds to read aloud the definition … Read More

There’s No Escaping the Vagueness in “Material”

The word material and the phrase material adverse change haven’t featured much on this blog in recent years. That’s mostly because MSCD chapter 9 covers the subject pretty comprehensively, and because there haven’t been any recent developments of particular interest. But today I finally got around to reading, after a year, this 2015 article in the Wall Street Journal about alternative … Read More

New! First Draft of My Categories-of-Contract-Language “Quick Reference”

Readers with a long memory will remember this 2014 post about a “quick reference” analysis of the categories of contract language prepared by a seminar participant. Well, after almost three years, I’ve come up with my own version, or at least a first draft of it. Go here for a PDF. (The “Reference” column is for citations to MSCD; I’ll … Read More

Don’t Expect Applause for Writing MSCD-Compliant Contracts

This from a reader: For documents that I have drafted using your style manual, I do not get comments from clients or other lawyers saying, “Wow, this is so much clearer and easier to read!” So I don’t even have anecdotal evidence to support your approach. My own experience, however, is that it saves me time when I review a … Read More

When the End of the Sentence Does Double Duty

The first extract below is from a contract I’m redrafting; the second extract is my version. … that permits the disclosure by Institution to the Sponsor and the Sponsor’s employees, agents, and independent contractors and use by the Sponsor and the Sponsor’s employees, agents, and independent contractors of data collected from the Study subject. … that permits the Institution to disclose to … Read More

Use the Active Voice, Stay Out of Trouble

Via @thecontractsguy I learned of this article in the National Law Review. It discusses East Texas Copy Systems, Inc. v. Player, No. 06-16-00035-CV, 2016 WL 6638865, at *1 (Tex. App. Nov. 10, 2016), an opinion of the Texas Court of Appeals (opinion here). Here’s what happened: An individual by the name of Jason Player sold his business to East Texas Copy Systems, … Read More

More Misinformation on “Efforts” (And Why I Care About Standards in the Marketplace of Ideas)

Yesterday I saw this article on JDSupra. It’s entitled Merger and Purchase Agreements Governed by Maryland Law: “Best Efforts”, and it’s by Scott Wilson of the law firm Miles & Stockbridge. Consider the following extract: The most commonly utilized terms are “best efforts,” “reasonable best efforts” and “commercially reasonable efforts.” Practitioners understand these terms on a sliding scale with “best efforts” … Read More